The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient’s health state. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The EQ-5D-5L essentially consists of 2 pages: the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) was introduced by the EuroQol Group in 2009 to improve the instrument’s sensitivity and to reduce ceiling effects, as compared to the EQ-5D-3L.
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